When the electrode is not applied with voltage, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in an orderly manner, and the display is transparent. When the voltage applied by the two corresponding electrodes exceeds the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal, the pushing of the ion group (from the additive) in the liquid crystal is enough to disturb the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, so that the refractive index of the liquid crystal changes, forming a scattering center, so that the incident light is strongly scattered. Therefore, the original transparent electrode portion showed milky white (similar to frosted glass), which achieved the purpose of display, which is the dynamic scattering effect.
